石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料在超级电容器电极材料方面的研究进展

从方法学上总结了目前石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料的制备途径,重点介绍了其在能源领域作为超级电容器电极材料的应用,并归纳了其在传感器材料、燃料电池、太阳能电池、电致变色器件及锂离子电池等方面的研究进展.     

稀土改质催化剂对废食用油制备燃料油的影响

利用浸渍法制备稀土改质催化剂,用于废食用油脂催化裂解的裂解气催化改质。考察了催化剂活性组分含量、硅铝比、焙烧温度、改质反应温度对产物组成、烯烃含量及收率的影响。得最佳条件:ZSM-5作为催化剂载体,催化剂活性组分镧稀土含量为6%,催化剂焙烧温度为550℃,改质反应温度为360℃。在最佳条件下催化改质,燃料油烯烃含量降低了34.3%,汽油含量提高了14.36%,轻柴油含量提高了1.67%,重柴油含量下降了6.72%,重油含量下降了2.2%,燃料油总收率提高了7.12%,油品质显著提高。     

在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl_2熔盐体系中电化学共还原提取钕

针对镧系元素钕,本文通过循环伏安、开路计时电位、方波伏安等方法研究了773 K时Nd(III)在钼电极上在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl2熔盐体系中的电化学行为及Zn-Nd合金的形成过程.结果表明:在LiCl-KCl-ZnCl2熔盐中,Nd(III)在预先沉积的Zn阴极上欠电位沉积形成三种Zn-Nd金属间化合物.基于电化学行为研究,采用恒电位电解提取Nd并用方波伏安曲线测量来检测Nd(III)离子浓度的变化,然后通过电解前后Nd(III)离子浓度变化评估了Nd的电解提取效率.实验结果表明:-1.84 V恒电位电解进行50 h后,Nd(III)离子浓度接近于零,提取效率为99.67%.在973 K时通过恒电流电解提取Nd并获得了Zn-Nd合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)附带能量散射谱(EDS)对合金的相组成和微观形貌进行了分析.XRD分析表明在Zn-Nd合金中存在Nd2Zn17,LiZn和Zn相,EDS能谱分析表明Nd在合金中的原子分数高达14.99%.     

Reversible Re‐programing of Cell–Cell Interactions

The ability to engineer and re‐program the surfaces of cells would provide an enabling synthetic biological method for the design of cell‐ and tissue‐based therapies. A new cell surface‐engineering strategy is described that uses lipid‐chemically self‐assembled nanorings (lipid‐CSANs) that can be used for the stable and reversible modification of any cell surface with a molecular reporter or targeting ligand. In the presence of a non‐toxic FDA‐approved drug, the nanorings were quickly disassembled and the cell–cell interactions reversed. Similar to T‐cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARS), when activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were functionalized with the anti‐EpCAM‐lipid‐CSANs, they were shown to selectively kill antigen‐positive cancer cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipid‐CSANs have the potential to be a rapid, stable, and general method for the reversible engineering of cell surfaces and cell–cell interactions.     

A Bifunctional Perovskite Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution

La_0.3(Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)_0.7Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3?δ is a promising bifunctional perovskite catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. This catalyst has circa 10 nm‐scale rhombohedral LaCoO₃ cobaltite particles distributed on the surface. The dynamic microstructure phenomena are attributed to the charge imbalance from the replacement of A‐site cations with La³⁺ and local stress on Co‐site sub‐lattice with the cubic perovskite structure.     

Highly Stable,Water‐Dispersible Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Polymer Nanocapsules and Their Catalytic Applications

A facile synthesis of highly stable, water‐dispersible metal‐nanoparticle‐decorated polymer nanocapsules (M@CB‐PNs: M=Pd, Au, and Pt) was achieved by a simple two‐step process employing a polymer nanocapsule (CB‐PN) made of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and metal salts. The CB‐PN serves as a versatile platform where various metal nanoparticles with a controlled size can be introduced on the surface and stabilized to prepare new water‐dispersible nanostructures useful for many applications. The Pd nanoparticles on CB‐PN exhibit high stability and dispersibility in water as well as excellent catalytic activity and recyclability in carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bond‐forming reactions in aqueous medium suggesting potential applications as a green catalyst.     

Identification and Accurate Size Characterization of Nanoparticles in Complex Media

We have developed a new method for the identification and accurate size characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex media based on capillary electrokinetic (CE) separation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Through mass scanning and Gaussian fitting of electropherogram peaks, we can obtain multidimensional information on chemical compositions, size distributions, and ionic species of multiple NPs in a single run. The results are more accurate than those obtained by using conventional methods. This method provides a powerful tool for investigating polydisperse NP systems and rapid screening of NP‐containing products.